黑貓中隊，為中華民國空軍秘密偵察部隊—前空軍35中隊的別稱，使用的隊徽為「黑貓」。在中華民國與中華人民共和國进行冷戰期間配合美國中央情報局執行深入中華人民共和國領空的高空夜間電子偵測任務。
黑貓中隊是1962年至1974年的冷戰時期，由美國中央情報局和已遷台的中華民國政府合作，在台灣所設置的高空偵查隊，由美方提供飛機和技術支援，中華民國提供飛行員和後勤基地。在當時間諜衛星照相技術未成熟，低空偵照局限於沿海地區的背景之下，黑貓中隊負責協助美國深入偵照中國大陸地區。
黑貓中隊部隊駐紮在桃園空軍基地，對外以「空軍氣象偵查研究組」宣稱作掩護。其使用機種為飛行巡度七萬英尺的洛克希德U-2偵察機。在1961年元月初首架U2偵查機進駐、1961年4月開始執行任務，自1961年到1965年期間，共深入大陸三十餘架次。自1966年後深入大陸任務減少，多為沿海斜照相任務。終因美國和中华人民共和国關係緩和，於1970年時已停止出任務，在1974年後正式中止計劃並撤退美方人員。
從1961年到1974年之間，黑貓中隊共完成122次高空偵查任務，只有17位隊員全身而退，一共折損12架U2偵查機和10位隊員。
黑貓中隊在十三年的任務期間，戰果豐盛。曾偵查中华人民共和国第一次和第二次核彈試爆，和偵照中国大陆各省工業、軍事、交通等目標的部署和發展。
1977年後，第35中隊重新編制在427聯隊麾下，配備武裝的T-33A教練機，全隊此時分成三個夜攻分隊和一個反電子分隊，為電子作戰支援部隊執行神鷗演習。1989年換裝自製的AT-3自強號高級教練-輕攻擊機，35中隊則改為獨立中隊性質的第三十五作戰隊，一般稱為「羚羊中隊」。1992年改隸至新竹第499聯隊。後來為了統一後勤維修，調防至岡山基地，在35中隊解散後所有AT-3攻擊機均改裝為標準規格，並納入空軍官校飛指部編制中。
The Black Cat Squadron (traditional Chinese: 黑貓中隊; pinyin: hēi māo zhōngduì) (not to be confused with Black Bat Squadron) was a squadron of the Republic of China Air Force that flew the U-2 surveillance plane out of Taoyuan Airbase in northern Taiwan, from 1961 to 1974. The formal designation of the squadron was the 35th Squadron, operating under the cover of a high altitude weather research squadron. 26 ROCAF pilots successfully completed U-2 training in the US and flew 220 operational missions, including 102 surveillance flights over the People's Republic of China.[1]
Black Cat Squadron official emblem
When the squadron was formed in 1961, Colonel Lu Xiliang (盧錫良) became its first commander and would become its longest-serving squadron commander. Colonel Lu was born in Shanghai on December 27, 1923 and completed his training in the US. After his retirement, he and his family immigrated to Los Angeles in 1986, where he became an ardent activist for ROCAF POWs' rights, particularly the right of POWs to return to Taiwan to reunite with their families after imprisonment in mainland China. Colonel Lu died on December 15, 2008. In addition to Lu Xiliang, another six former-members of the squadron eventually settled in the US, including Zhuang Renliang (莊人亮), Wang Taiyou (王太佑) in Los Angeles, Ye Changdi (葉常棣) in Texas, Hua Xijun (華錫鈞) in Maryland, and the deputy squadron commander Yang Shiju (楊世駒) in Las Vegas.
During the squadron's 14 years of existence, five U-2's were shot down by PRC air defenses, with three pilots killed and 2 pilots captured. One other pilot was killed while performing an operational mission off China coast. Seven other Black Cat U-2s were lost during training missions, killing 6 pilots.
The squadron usually had only two U-2 assigned to it, sometimes down to just one aircraft. A total of 19 U-2s were assigned to the Black Cat Squadron, over fourteen years.
The intelligence gathered by the Black Cat Squadron, which included evidence of a military build-up on the Sino-Soviet border, may have contributed to the U.S. opening to China during the Nixon administration by revealing the escalating tensions between the two communist nations. Shortly after Nixon's visit to Beijing, all reconnaissance flights over the People's Republic ceased, and the Black Cat Squadron was officially disbanded in the spring of 1974.
資料來源:wikipedia
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